The knowledge of Sirolimus

Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. It prevents activation of T cells and B-cells by inhibiting their response to interleukin-2 (IL-2). A macrolide, sirolimus was first discovered as a product of the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus in a soil sample from Easter Island — an island also known as Rapa Nui, hence the name. It is marketed under the trade name Rapamune by Wyeth. Sirolimus was originally developed as an antifungal agent. However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. It has since been shown to prolong the life of mice and might also be useful in the treatment of certain cancers. Studies in vitro in mice and in humans suggest sirolimus inhibits HIV replication through different mechanisms, including downregulation of the coreceptor CCR5 and the inhibition of the induction of autophagy. Sirolimus has also been used in preliminary research to combat progeria, a rare disorder that causes individuals to age at an exceedingly rapid pace, leading to death in the early teenage years due to causes such as heart disease or stroke.
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